HEDA Resource Centre

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 HEDA Unveils Landmark Report on Petroleum Environmental Governance in Nigeria

– CSO Charges FG on deliberate sequencing and sustained political will to drive reforms The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has unveiled a new comprehensive report on petroleum environmental governance in Nigeria, providing a detailed roadmap for legal, policy, and institutional reforms in the country’s oil and gas sector. Released with support from the Africa Centre for Energy Policy (ACEP), the report titled “Nigeria’s Petroleum-Environmental Governance: Law, Policy, and Reform Roadmap”, comes four years after the passage of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021. It notes that despite the law’s promises of stronger governance, improved environmental protection, enhanced community development, and greater transparency, implementation has fallen short. Challenges such as weak enforcement, overlapping institutional mandates, poor compliance culture, and low community awareness continue to undermine the Act’s impact. HEDA Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, said the report was developed to address the persistent gap between Nigeria’s extensive legal frameworks and the realities in oil-producing communities. “The continuing issues around oil spill response, gas flaring, decommissioning obligations, host community development, and beneficial ownership transparency show that regulators, operators, communities, and civil society actors still lack the tools needed to drive accountability,” he said. To address these gaps, HEDA Resource Centre with the collaboration of Environmental Law Research Institute (ELRI) developed a Stakeholder Accountability Tool and a Simplified Policy Brief. These tools outline statutory obligations under the PIA and other environmental laws, highlight key lapses in implementation, and provide practical guidance to empower communities, civil society, media, and regulators to demand compliance and promote environmental stewardship. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of Nigeria’s petroleum environmental governance landscape, examining legal frameworks, institutional structures, and operational mechanisms meant to ensure environmental prevention, mitigation, remediation, and accountability. It draws on doctrinal research, comparative benchmarking, and stakeholder feedback generated through surveys and interviews. According to the report findings, Nigeria already possesses the foundational elements of a world-class governance system. However, these elements remain fragmented. The study further calls for clearer institutional mandates, stronger enforcement mechanisms, recalibrated penalties, better management of environmental liabilities during divestment and decommissioning, and real-time public access to petroleum-environment data, including emissions, spills, remediation progress, and host community development funding. It also recommended modernizing the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime to reflect climate realities and integrating host communities and credible civil society actors as active partners in monitoring the sector. Speaking on next steps, Suraju emphasized the need for “deliberate sequencing and sustained political will” to drive reforms. He highlighted priorities such as legislative updates, institutional integration, financial assurance systems, community oversight, capacity strengthening, and improved judicial and administrative efficiency. “With discipline, transparency, and collaboration, Nigeria can evolve from an extractive state to a responsible energy steward one that places environmental governance at the heart of sustainable prosperity,” he said. The publication reinforces HEDA’s longstanding commitment to promoting transparency, accountability, and justice in Nigeria’s extractive sector. The organisation said it will continue advocating to ensure that the PIA and related governance frameworks translate into tangible benefits for citizens and frontline communities.

CategoriesHEDA News

Whose Side Are You On, Mr. President? Nigeria Must Respond to UN’s Damning Criticism of Oil Company Divestments

Civil Society Demands Immediate Government Action on Niger Delta Pollution Crisis The people of the Niger Delta have endured decades of environmental devastation. Oil pollution has poisoned their water, destroyed their farmland, and stripped away their health, livelihoods, and dignity. Now, multinational oil giants—Shell, Eni, TotalEnergies, and ExxonMobil—are abandoning their onshore operations, walking away from the toxic legacy they created without accountability or remediation. And the Nigerian Government? Silent. In a strongly worded communication, United Nations human rights experts have expressed “grave concern” over the companies’ divestment strategies, warning that Nigeria is being used as “an experiment for divestment without clean-up.” The letter, also addressed to the governments of the UK, Netherlands, Italy, France, Nigeria, and the United States, underscores the systemic human rights violations caused by repeated oil spills and the failure of both corporate and state actors to respond effectively. “The repeated oil spills in the Niger Delta over a span of decades severely affected the right to life, the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment, the right to safe drinking water, the right to health, food, housing, cultural rights, and access to remedy,” the UN experts wrote. “The lack of effective response by the Nigerian Government and the home States of the international companies exacerbated these impacts.” Shell and Eni have issued responses. So have the UK, Italy, and the Netherlands. Nigeria has not. Not a single word of reassurance. Not a single commitment to justice. Not a single step toward accountability. This silence is not just disappointing—it is dangerous. It signals either a profound disregard for the rights of Nigerian citizens or complicity in their continued suffering. The responses from the companies and their host governments offer little more than recycled promises—paper commitments that have repeatedly failed to materialize on the ground. Nigerians deserve more than platitudes. They deserve justice. Remediation cannot wait. The Niger Delta must be cleaned up to international standards, with independent monitoring and the full participation of affected communities. Anything less would be a betrayal of the people. We therefore call on the Nigerian Government to: Nigeria has a proud record of signing human rights treaties. But paper commitments must be honoured in practice. The ball is now in the Government’s court. The Government must now demonstrate that it stands with its people—not with polluters. Failure to act will bring dishonour to Nigeria and deepen the suffering of its people. We urge President Bola Ahmed Tinubu to break the silence. To lead with courage. To act with urgency. The world is watching. The people are waiting. The time to act is now. Signed:

CategoriesClimate change

Oil Theft: Senate Must Match Security Efforts with Justice from IOCs for Niger Delta – HEDA

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has called on the Nigerian Senate to extend its ongoing efforts to combat crude oil theft by holding International Oil Companies (IOCs), particularly Shell and Eni, fully accountable for decades of environmental degradation, economic sabotage, and human rights violations in the Niger Delta. Reacting to the recent meeting between the Senate Ad-hoc Committee on Crude Oil Theft and the Inspector-General of Police, Kayode Egbetokun, HEDA in a statement signed by its Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, welcomed the renewed legislative attention to oil-related crimes but insisted that justice must go beyond addressing local theft. “While we commend the Senate for stepping up collaboration with security agencies to tackle oil theft, the deeper and more enduring theft is the environmental and economic plunder by IOCs. These companies including Shell and Eni in particular are attempting to exit Nigerian onshore quietly, divesting their assets without taking responsibility for the massive devastation they have caused. That is unacceptable.” Suraju maintained. The Senate Committee, led by Senator Ned Nwoko, recently emphasized the need for enhanced intelligence sharing and stronger coordination with security agencies to safeguard Nigeria’s oil infrastructure. However, HEDA insists that securing oil assets is only one part of the equation. “Justice for Niger Delta residents cannot be secured by police action alone, if the Senate truly wants to end economic sabotage, then it must also tackle the longstanding impunity of oil multinationals who, for decades, operated with little regard for the environment or the people.” Suraju added. HEDA recalled its consistent advocacy against hasty divestment by IOCs. The organization petitioned both Nigerian authorities and international accountability institutions to demand that IOCs remediate polluted sites and compensate affected communities before divesting. This demand was repeated in 2023 and 2024 following international legal rulings against the Shell. Yet, concrete local action remains grossly inadequate. “It’s time for the Nigerian Senate to show the same urgency in enforcing environmental justice as it is doing in curbing oil theft, communities in Bayelsa, Rivers, Delta and beyond continue to suffer the health, economic, and ecological consequences of oil extraction and they must not be abandoned again.” Suraju stressed. According to data from the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), between 2002 and 2025, Nigeria lost over 353 million barrels of crude oil worth an estimated $25.7 billion to theft. HEDA warns that the Senate must also investigate how much more has been lost to pollution, displacement, and corporate irresponsibility. “This is a defining moment, the Senate must rise above politics and protect the dignity and rights of the people. Shell and Eni must not be allowed to walk away without cleaning up their mess. Anything less is an injustice.” Suraju concluded.

CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA Urges Tinubu, NUPRC to Hold Shell Accountable for Environmental Clean-Up

Following the recent reported approval of Shell Petroleum Development Company’s (SPDC) $2.4 billion divestment of its onshore assets in the Niger Delta to Renaissance Africa Energy Holdings, The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) strongly urges President Bola Ahmed Tinubu and the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) to ensure that Shell fulfills its obligations by addressing the environmental devastation it has caused in the Niger Delta before finalizing this divestment. In a statement signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, the civil society group emphasized that Shell must not be allowed to walk away from decades of environmental degradation, legal liabilities, and social injustices inflicted on host communities. According to Suraju, the reports indicate the divestment was concluded despite ongoing litigations, a court-ordered injunction barring the sale, and over N500 billion in environmental damages being demanded by affected communities. He condemned this development, stating, “This blatant disregard for judicial authority not only undermines Nigeria’s legal system but also sets a dangerous precedence where multinational corporations can evade responsibility with impunity.” Furthermore, HEDA criticized the approval of the transaction without proper consultation with impacted communities, describing it as yet another act of marginalization against local populations whose lives and livelihoods have been severely affected by oil pollution. “Shell has a long history of environmental infractions in the Niger Delta, leaving communities to suffer the consequences of oil spills, gas flaring, and ecosystem destruction. These damages have led to the loss of livelihoods, severe health risks, and the destruction of aquatic and agricultural resources. It is, therefore, unacceptable for Shell to divest its assets without first remediating the affected areas. The burden of cleanup and legal liabilities must not be transferred to the incoming Nigerian operators, who may lack the technical and financial capacity to address these longstanding issues. HEDA aligns with the concerns raised by host communities, environmental groups, and civil society organizations, all of whom have called for a halt to the sale until Shell takes full responsibility for its environmental footprint. “The Federal Government must prioritize justice over profit by ensuring that Shell and its partners commit to a comprehensive and independently monitored cleanup process before exiting the onshore oil sector. Additionally, we are calling on the NUPRC to uphold its regulatory integrity and resist any external pressure that undermines transparency and accountability in the sector. The Commission must act in the best interest of the Nigerian people rather than succumb to corporate or political interests.” The people of the Niger Delta deserve justice, clean water, and a restored environment. HEDA Resource Centre stands firmly with affected communities in demanding that Shell cleans up its mess before exiting. The organization pledges to explore all legal and advocacy channels to ensure that this demand is met.

CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA Report Exposes Oil Licensing Flaws, Weak Regulations, Environmental Injustice

As part of its effort to ensure transparency and accountability in the Nigeria’s oil licensing bidding process, the Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has exposed serious flaws in Nigeria’s oil licensing process, highlighting regulatory failures, financial misconduct, and environmental injustice in the Niger Delta.  At the public presentation of its latest report in Ikeja, Lagos, HEDA revealed that several companies awarded marginal oil field licenses in the 2020/2021 bidding round lacked proper registration and failed to meet legal and financial requirements. The report, with the support from Africa Centre for Energy Policy (ACEP), titled “Marginal Fields’ Awards, Regulators’ Independence, and Environmental Injustice: Paradox of Beneficial Ownership and the Host Communities”, also raised concerns over the unchecked environmental damage caused by oil companies. Chairman, HEDA Resource Centre, Olanrewaju Suraju, condemned the awarding of contracts to unregistered companies, questioning the credibility of Nigeria’s oil sector regulations. “Out of approximately 38 companies, 18 are not even registered, and many have failed to file their annual returns. This is not about the supply of goods and services; we are talking about Nigeria’s main economic sector,” he said. He stressed that the failure to enforce due diligence had led to massive revenue losses for the country and called for collaboration between regulatory agencies such as the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC), and the Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI). Beyond financial misconduct, Suraju warned that environmental pollution in the Niger Delta remains a pressing concern. He urged civil society, the diplomatic community, and international organisations to intervene, particularly as oil companies attempt to divest from Nigeria without fulfilling their environmental responsibilities. The Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (NEITI) Executive Secretary of NEITI, Dr. Ogbonnaya Orji, Dr. Ogbonnaya Orji, commended HEDA’s efforts in promoting transparency and accountability, reaffirming NEITI’s commitment to ensuring responsible resource management. “Beneficial ownership transparency is not just about knowing who owns what. It is about protecting our nation’s resources from corruption, illicit financial flows, and mismanagement. Host communities must be protected, compensated, and empowered.” Book Reviewer and Lecturer, University of Lagos, Prof. Dayo Ayoade, criticised the licensing process, describing it as compromised by political influence and corruption. “The 2020/2021 marginal fields bidding round exhibited procedural abuse and corrupt practices, leading to significant financial losses. Some of the winning companies were owned or backed by politically exposed persons,” he said. Ayoade added that 11 out of the 35 surveyed companies were inactive under the CAC, while several lacked the tax clearance certificates required for eligibility under the Public Procurement Act 2007. He further warned that oil companies seeking to exit Nigeria must first be held accountable for their environmental damage. “Before these companies are allowed to exit, they must remediate the damage done, pay compensation, and fulfill their decommissioning responsibilities.” You can download the report here

CategoriesHEDA News

Civil Society Organizations Condemn Resumption of Oil Production in Ogoniland

Concerned civil society organizations in the Niger Delta convened at the Port Harcourt office of Environmental Rights Action/Friends of the Earth Nigeria to discuss a recent invitation extended by the office of the National Security Adviser to the President, Mr. Nuhu Ribadu. The invitation was addressed to selected Ogoni leaders and stakeholders for a private meeting in Abuja to deliberate on the resumption of oil production in Ogoniland. In their deliberations, the organizations expressed strong condemnation of the government’s move, labeling it insensitive and neglectful of the majority will of the Ogoni people. The groups highlighted that any discussion about oil production should involve broad, inclusive consultations rather than select, handpicked leaders. In a statement released by the coalition of civil groups, including Miideekor Environmental Development Initiative, Ogoni Solidarity Forum-Nigeria, South South Youths Initiative, Peoples Advancement Centre, Environmental Rights Action, Kebetkache Women Development Centre, Social Action, Lekeh Development Centre, Rainbowwatch Development Centre, Kalop Environmental Centre, Pilex Centre, and HEDA Resource Centre, unequivocally condemned the planned resumption of oil exploration and production activities in Ogoniland. The statement emphasized that this decision undermines the enduring environmental, social, and economic injustices faced by the Ogoni people and thwarts efforts towards sustainable development and environmental justice. Ogoniland has long been a symbol of severe environmental degradation caused by decades of irresponsible oil exploitation. Reports, including the UNEP Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland of 2011, have documented catastrophic consequences of oil spills, gas flaring, and inadequate remediation efforts, leaving the land, water, and air polluted and affecting the livelihoods and health of the Ogoni people. The civil groups voiced their expectations for the administration to call for a multi-stakeholder meeting in Ogoniland to address the poverty and hunger resulting from environmental degradation. They pointed out that since democracy was restored in 1999, significant issues like June 12 and the Ogoni struggle have plagued the nation. While the government has recognized MKO Abiola as the hero of democracy by conferring a national honor on him, they stressed that it is time to similarly honor Ken Saro-Wiwa as a hero of the environment. Despite numerous calls for justice, the Nigerian government has been slow in implementing the UNEP report recommendations for effective cleanup. The government’s reluctance to contribute to the ongoing cleanup and its blind eye to continuing destructive oil activities were also criticized. The attempt to resume oil extraction in Ogoniland, a region ravaged by environmental neglect, was seen as exacerbating the suffering of the people and violating their right to a safe environment. The coalition demanded the halting of all plans for resumption of oil extraction in Ogoniland until meaningful consultations with the Ogoni people and full remediation of the damaged environment are achieved. They called for a comprehensive cleanup of the Niger Delta region, with substantial funding, and for holding oil companies, particularly Shell, accountable for past environmental damages. They also demanded the exoneration of Ken Saro-Wiwa and other martyrs, the release of the confiscated Ken Saro-Memorial Bus sculpture, and the implementation of strict regulations on oil companies. In closing, the groups reiterated their solidarity with the Ogoni people in their fight for justice, sustainable development, and respect for their rights to a clean and healthy environment. They warned that any attempt to resume oil activities without addressing historical injustices would only deepen the mistrust between the government, oil companies, and local communities, threatening the environment and future generations.

CategoriesHEDA Publications

Report of On-the-Spot Assessment of Oil and Gas Exploration Activities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Understanding the Impact of Oil Exploitation in Bayelsa State Bayelsa State, a critical hub in Nigeria’s Niger Delta, plays a significant role in the nation’s oil production. However, this resource-rich region faces severe environmental degradation, socio-economic challenges, human rights abuses, and rampant corruption tied to oil exploitation. Our detailed report delves into the frequent oil spills contaminating the soil and water, diminishing biodiversity, and neglecting local communities. It explores the societal consequences, including violence, displacement, migration, and the weakened regulatory practices caused by corruption in the oil industry. By focusing on the compliance of International Oil Companies (IOCs) with Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) regulations, the report offers actionable recommendations for policy reforms, better regulation, and stronger community support. Download Here