HEDA Resource Centre

CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA, NIHSA Launch Nationwide Dissemination, Training and Sensitisation on 2026 Annual Flood Outlook Across Nigeria’s Six Geopolitical Zones

HEDA, NIHSA Launch Nationwide Dissemination, Training and Sensitisation on 2026 Annual Flood Outlook Across Nigeria’s Six Geopolitical Zones HEDA Resource Centre, in collaboration with Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency, has announced a nationwide dissemination, training, and sensitisation programme on the 2026 Annual Flood Outlook (AFO) aimed at strengthening public understanding of flood risks, improving preparedness, and supporting early action across vulnerable communities in Nigeria. The two-day virtual programme will bring together participants from the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria, including farmers, agricultural cooperatives, community leaders, media professionals, civil society organisations, researchers, humanitarian actors, and personnel from Ministries of Agriculture, Environment, Water Resources, and Emergency Management Agencies. The initiative forms part of ongoing efforts to simplify and disseminate flood forecast information in ways that are practical, accessible, and useful to communities most affected by recurring floods and climate-related disasters. According to HEDA Resource Centre, improving public understanding of flood risks is critical not only for disaster preparedness, but also for protecting agriculture, rural livelihoods, and food security across Nigeria. The organisation noted that farmers remain among the groups most affected by annual flooding, with repeated losses to farmlands, fisheries, livestock, storage facilities, and transportation routes contributing significantly to food insecurity and economic hardship. The dissemination and sensitisation programme is therefore designed to help participants understand flood-prone areas, likely impacts within their regions, and practical preparedness measures that can reduce losses before and during the rainy season. Speaking on the programme, HEDA’s Executive Secretary, Mr. Sulaimon Arigbabu, stressed the need to move flood information beyond technical reports into practical community knowledge. “Every year, flood predictions are released, but many communities still do not receive the information in ways they can understand or act upon. This programme is about simplifying the Annual Flood Outlook and ensuring that farmers, local institutions, media organisations, and communities are better prepared ahead of the peak rainfall period,” he said. The sessions will be delivered in Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo, Pidgin, and English to ensure wider participation and understanding across different regions of the country. HEDA further called on media organisations, particularly radio stations and community broadcasters, to actively participate in the programme. According to the organisation, the media plays a major role in translating and disseminating flood information to local communities, especially rural populations with limited access to digital platforms and official reports. The organisation maintained that journalists, broadcasters, and media practitioners must understand the Annual Flood Outlook well enough to communicate flood risks responsibly, accurately, and consistently to the public before disasters occur. The programme will cover practical areas including interpretation of the 2026 Annual Flood Outlook, flood risk communication, early warning dissemination, protection of farmlands and livelihoods, community preparedness measures, and coordinated response planning at community and institutional levels. HEDA also encouraged State Ministries of Agriculture, Environment, Water Resources, Emergency Management Agencies, local governments, civil society groups, and community-based organisations to participate actively and support wider dissemination of the flood outlook within their states and communities. The programme is scheduled to hold virtually on May 19 and 20, 2026, with separate regional sessions for participants across Northern and Southern Nigeria.

CategoriesArticles Climate change HEDA News

SCP 2026: HEDA TRAINS OVER 500 FARMERS, STAKEHOLDERS IN LOCAL LANGUAGES ACROSS 17 STATES ON SEASONAL CLIMATE FORECAST

In its continual efforts to bridge the information gap between smallholder farmers and climate science, HEDA Resource Centre has trained and sensitised over 500 farmer leaders, cooperative representatives, extension actors, and agricultural stakeholders on the 2026 Seasonal Climate Prediction (SCP) in local languages across 17 states and all six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The just-concluded four-day hybrid training programme jointly organized by HEDA Resource Centre, Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), Country Women Association of Nigeria (COWAN), Nigerian Association of Women in Agriculture (NAWIA), and Association of Small Scale AgroProducers in Nigeria (ASSAPIN), was designed to improve farmers’ access to climate information and strengthen their ability to understand, analyse, and utilise seasonal climate forecasts for agricultural decision-making. The initiative also aimed at breaking the communication gap between climate forecasts, policy discussions, and practical implementation at community level. The programme deliberately mobilised participants with strong community reach and influence, including members of farmer cooperatives, extension networks, women farmer groups, and local agricultural associations who are in turn expected to further share lessons from the training within their communities and support wider awareness on climate-smart farming practices during the 2026 farming season. The programme combined virtual training with physical community participation. While sessions were delivered online, local partners across several states mobilised and gathered participants in central locations where they jointly participated in the training and sensitisation sessions. This approach ensured that farmers without smartphones, stable internet access, or digital literacy were not excluded from the programme. Speaking on the initiative, HEDA’s Executive Secretary, Mr. Sulaimon Arigbabu, noted that the gap between climate science and the farmer’s field remains one of Nigeria’s most pressing and underappreciated challenges. “Climate information is only useful when the people most affected can understand and apply it. This training is our commitment to closing that gap, not just in English, but in local languages such as Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and Pidgin which our farmers speak and understand,” Arigbabu said. The training recorded seven sessions held over four days, covering states including Adamawa, Bauchi, Niger, Kaduna, Oyo, Osun, Kwara, Lagos, Ogun, Benue, Nasarawa, Imo, Abia, Cross River, Bayelsa, Plateau, and Taraba. Participants included smallholder crop farmers, livestock keepers, fisheries and aquaculture practitioners, extension agents, agricultural researchers, cooperatives, and personnel from State Ministries of Agriculture. The sessions guided participants through the practical implications of the 2026 SCP for planting calendars and crop variety selection, flood risk awareness and early warning, livestock management under variable rainfall conditions, fisheries and aquaculture planning, soil and water conservation, and post-harvest loss reduction strategies. Lessons also focused on practical actions farmers can take before and during the farming season to improve resilience and food production despite changing climate conditions. Meanwhile, HEDA has called on institutions across sub-nationals, particularly State Ministries of Agriculture across the 36 states, to build on this momentum by ensuring that the 2026 SCP is further cascaded to local government and community levels before and during the planting season. The organization maintained that state governments must work more closely with NiMet to localize climate predictions for their specific agricultural zones and leverage state-owned radio and broadcast media to reach farmers who may not be accessible through virtual platforms. Similarly, the group urged the Federal Government, through its relevant agencies, to invest in expanding community-level climate information systems and extension support. According to HEDA, trained individuals embedded within farming communities can play an important role in translating technical weather and climate advisories into practical guidance that farmers can use throughout the farming season.

Sadiya Umar Farouq CategoriesHEDA News

Alleged N37bn Fraud: HEDA Commends EFCC Move Against Ex-Minister Sadiya Farouq

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has commended the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) for declaring former Minister of Humanitarian Affairs and Social Development, Sadiya Umar Farouq, wanted over alleged abuse of office and diversion of public funds amounting to about N37 billion. In a statement signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, the organisation described the development as a significant step in the fight against corruption and a demonstration that no public official should be above accountability, regardless of status or political affiliation. The anti-corruption organisation recalled that it had earlier welcomed the court order directing the arrest of the former minister and demanded swift investigation and prosecution of all individuals implicated in the alleged fraud linked to the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs during the administration of former President Muhammadu Buhari. According to Suraju, the allegations surrounding the mismanagement of humanitarian intervention funds represent a grave betrayal of public trust, especially considering that the funds were meant for vulnerable Nigerians facing poverty, displacement, and economic hardship. “HEDA commends the EFCC for taking the bold step of declaring the former minister wanted following allegations involving the diversion of public funds meant for humanitarian purposes and her subsequent failure to appear for court summons. This action sends a strong message that accountability must prevail in public service,” the statement said. The group further urged the EFCC and other relevant anti-graft agencies not to relent until justice is served and all looted public funds are recovered. The organisation stressed that anti-corruption efforts must go beyond media publicity and result in diligent prosecution, asset recovery, and institutional reforms capable of preventing future abuse of public resources. HEDA also called on citizens with useful information regarding the whereabouts of the former minister to cooperate with law enforcement agencies in the interest of justice and national accountability. The civil society group reiterated its longstanding position that corruption within social intervention programmes undermines national development, deepens inequality, and erodes public confidence in government institutions. HEDA urged the Federal Government to strengthen transparency mechanisms within ministries, departments, and agencies handling public welfare and intervention programmes to ensure accountability and effective service delivery.

Gov. Adeleke CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA Commends Gov. Adeleke Over Dethronement of Apetu, Renews Call for Probe of Oluwo’s Alleged Criminal Record

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has commended the Osun State Government for the removal of Oba Gbenga Joseph Oloyede as the Apetu of Ipetumodu, describing the action as a decisive step toward restoring integrity and accountability within Nigeria’s traditional institutions, while renewing its call for an investigation into allegations surrounding the Oluwo of Iwo. In a statement issued by its Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, HEDA noted that the decision of Governor Ademola Adeleke to dethrone the monarch validates the organisation’s earlier call in September 2025 for decisive action following Oba Oloyede’s conviction for a $4.4 million fraud in the United States. The civil society organization described the government’s action as a reaffirmation of the principle that no individual, regardless of status, should occupy positions of authority while burdened with proven criminal records that undermine public trust and institutional credibility. “The removal of the Apetu of Ipetumodu is a commendable demonstration of political will and respect for the sanctity of traditional institutions. It sends a strong message that integrity must remain the cornerstone of leadership, whether in formal governance or traditional authority,” the statement read. The organisation, however, stressed that the development should not be treated as an isolated corrective measure but as a catalyst for systemic reform across traditional institutions in Nigeria. HEDA called on state governments, kingmakers, and relevant traditional councils to institutionalise thorough background checks and due diligence processes before appointing individuals to royal stools. According to HEDA, traditional rulers occupy sensitive cultural and moral positions as custodians of heritage and symbols of unity, and as such, must be individuals of unquestionable character and integrity. HEDA further urged the Osun State Government to sustain the same level of accountability by acting on its earlier demand for a probe into allegations concerning the Oluwo of Iwo, Oba Abdulrasheed Adewale Akanbi. The organisation recalled that it in June 2024, had previously called on Governor Adeleke to constitute an independent panel of inquiry to investigate reports alleging past criminal convictions involving the monarch, noting that the matter remains unresolved despite its seriousness and continued public concern. “While we commend the decisive action taken in the case of Ipetumodu, we reiterate our call on the Osun State Government to act with equal urgency on the allegations concerning the Oluwo of Iwo. Consistency in upholding ethical standards is essential to maintaining public confidence in traditional leadership,” the organisation stated. HEDA emphasised that selective accountability could undermine reform efforts and weaken the broader objective of restoring honour, dignity, and credibility to traditional institutions across the country. The group concluded by urging all stakeholders to prioritise integrity, transparency, and the rule of law in the selection and oversight of traditional rulers, noting that the long-term stability and moral authority of these institutions depend on the character of those who occupy them.

ex-defence minister Chukwunyere Anamekwe Nwabuoku CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA Demands ICAN Sanction Convicted Ex-Defence Official Over ₦868m Fraud

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has called on the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Nigeria (ICAN) to immediately commence disciplinary proceedings against Mr. Nwabuoke Anamekwe Chukwunyere following his conviction for fraud and money laundering. In a petition signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, addressed to ICAN President, Mallam Haruna Nma Yahaya, the anti-corruption group urged the professional body to impose maximum sanctions on Chukwunyere, a Fellow of the Institute, to protect the integrity of the accounting profession in Nigeria. The civil society organisation’s demand follows the judgment delivered on March 23, 2026, by Justice James Omotosho of the Federal High Court in Abuja, which found Chukwunyere guilty on nine counts bordering on money laundering and diversion of public funds. The court sentenced him to 72 years imprisonment, to run concurrently as eight years. HEDA noted that the conviction provides conclusive evidence of professional misconduct, stressing that the former Director of Finance and Accounts in the Ministry of Defence abused his office by diverting funds meant for national security, amounting to ₦868.46 million. According to the organisation, the court’s findings further revealed that the convicted official refunded ₦220 million to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) during the investigation, an act the court interpreted as an admission of guilt. “If he did not have a guilty mind, then he would not have refunded the money. This offence is a grave betrayal of public trust and a serious breach of ethical standards expected of chartered accountants.” Suraju maintained. The organisation recalled that it had earlier petitioned ICAN in July and November 2022 over the matter, but the Institute had deferred action pending the conclusion of court proceedings. With a final judgment now secured, HEDA insisted that there is no longer any justification for delay. Citing ICAN’s Professional Code of Conduct, particularly provisions on integrity, objectivity, and professional behaviour, Suraju maintained that Chukwunyere’s actions clearly amount to infamous conduct that warrants decisive disciplinary action. HEDA therefore urged the Accountants’ Investigating Panel to act swiftly and decisively, including the application of maximum professional sanctions, to serve as a deterrent and reaffirm public confidence in the accounting profession. The organisation stressed that failure to act decisively would undermine the credibility of the “Chartered Accountant” designation and weaken efforts to promote accountability in the management of public resources.

Sadiya Umar-Farouq CategoriesHEDA News

Corruption: HEDA Welcomes Arrest Order for Ex-Minister Sadiya Umar-Farouq, Demands Swift Justice, Recalls Earlier Call for Probe

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has welcomed the decision of the Federal High Court ordering the arrest of former Minister of Humanitarian Affairs, Sadiya Umar-Farouq, and a Permanent Secretary, Bashir Nura Alkali, over alleged fraud involving $1.3 million and N746.6 million. In a statement signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, the civil society organisation described the development as a major step toward strengthening accountability in Nigeria’s public sector, particularly in agencies responsible for social welfare and intervention programmes. The arrest warrant issued by Justice Jude Onwuegbuzie followed the failure of the defendants to appear in court to answer to a 21-count charge bordering on alleged breach of trust, abuse of office, and diversion of public funds, as filed by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission. The organisation recalled that in January 2024, it had raised concerns and called for a swift probe and thorough investigation into N37.1 billion fraud allegations and financial irregularities linked to the former minister during her tenure. “HEDA has long advocated for a comprehensive probe into allegations surrounding the Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs under the leadership of the former minister, Sadiya Umar-Farouq. This development reinforces the importance of sustained civic vigilance and institutional accountability,” Suraju maintained The anti-corruption organisation maintained that the alleged diversion of funds meant for vulnerable Nigerians represents a grave breach of public trust and underscores systemic challenges in the management of social intervention programmes. HEDA, therefore, called on the EFCC and relevant law enforcement agencies to ensure the immediate execution of the court’s order and guarantee that the defendants are brought before the court without further delay. It also urged that the prosecution of the case be conducted diligently, transparently, and without interference. Suraju further warned that the case must not be allowed to suffer the fate of prolonged trials or be undermined by procedural delays, noting that justice must be both swift and seen to be served. “HEDA is counting on the judiciary to remain firm and impartial throughout the proceedings, ensuring that the rule of law prevails irrespective of the status of the individuals involved.” Reaffirming its commitment to promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance, the group stressed that recovering any misappropriated funds and ensuring justice in this matter will send a strong signal that corruption in public office will no longer be tolerated.

The Comptroller General of the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS), Kemi Nandap The Comptroller General of the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS), Kemi Nandap CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA Commends NIS for Swift Action on Alleged Border Extortion, Calls for Transparent Investigation and Public Accountability

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has commended the leadership of the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS) for its prompt response to allegations of widespread extortion along the Lagos-Seme border corridor, describing the action as a critical step toward restoring public confidence in the agency. In a statement signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, the civil society organisation particularly lauded the Comptroller General of the NIS, Kemi Nandap, for suspending the affected comptrollers and ordering a comprehensive investigation into the reported misconduct. According to the group, such decisive measures send a strong signal that corruption and abuse of office will not be tolerated within the Service. HEDA, however, stressed that beyond the commendable initial steps, it is imperative that the ongoing investigation is pursued diligently, transparently, and brought to a logical conclusion. The organisation urged the NIS to ensure that the findings of the probe are made public and that all officers found culpable are held accountable in accordance with the law. “The decision to suspend officers and initiate an investigation is a welcome development. However, Nigerians have witnessed similar actions in the past that failed to yield concrete outcomes. It is therefore crucial that this investigation is not only thorough but also transparent, with periodic updates provided to the public.” Suraju stated. The anti-corruption organisation emphasized that extortion at border points undermines Nigeria’s integrity, discourages lawful trade and travel, and erodes citizens’ trust in public institutions. HEDA called on the NIS to strengthen its internal monitoring systems and ensure that its accountability mechanisms are not only reactive but preventive. The group also encouraged members of the public to take advantage of the official reporting channels provided by the NIS to report incidents of misconduct, noting that citizen participation is vital in the fight against corruption. Reaffirming its commitment to promoting transparency and accountability in public institutions, HEDA urged the NIS to use this opportunity to set a new standard for institutional integrity by ensuring that justice is served and seen to be served.

CategoriesHEDA News

HEDA, NRGI, Miideekor and others to Convene Town Halls on Oil Divestment in Niger Delta

In a bid to strengthen transparency, environmental responsibility, and community participation in oil asset divestment attempts in the Niger Delta, the Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre), in collaboration with the Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI), MIIIDEEKOR, Social Action, HOMEF, Kebetkache, and SDN have announced plans to convene community town hall meetings on oil divestment and transition accountability in the Niger Delta. In a statement issued and signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, the civil society organisation said the initiative comes amid significant structural changes in Nigeria’s oil and gas sector driven by the divestment of onshore and shallow-water assets by international oil companies. HEDA noted that major multinational firms including Shell, ExxonMobil, TotalEnergies, and Eni have been purportedly transferring or selling oil assets to indigenous operators as part of corporate restructuring and global energy transition strategies. While the divestment trend presents opportunities for increased local participation in Nigeria’s petroleum sector, the organisation expressed concerns that host communities are left with unresolved environmental, economical and social liabilities. It warned that exiting companies could abandon oil spill sites, obsolete infrastructure, and outstanding liabilities without adequate remediation. The statement further explained that the process is guided by the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) and overseen by institutions such as the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) and the Ministry of Petroleum Resources. However, HEDA observed that affected communities often lack sufficient information about the divestment processes, their rights, and the responsibilities of both exiting and incoming operators. Suraju stressed the need for inclusive platforms where host communities can express grievances and demand accountability. He noted that the town hall meetings, which build on HEDA’s 2024 engagements on the subject, would facilitate dialogue, promote awareness, and document community concerns relating to environmental justice, development, and energy transition in the Niger Delta. According to the civil group, the town halls will bring together a broad range of stakeholders, including representatives of the NUPRC, Nigeria Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, National Human Rights Commission, state governments, host communities, traditional rulers, youth and women leaders, civil society organisations, and the media. The Port Harcourt session is scheduled for Wednesday, March 25, 2026, while the Yenagoa meeting will hold on Thursday, March 26, 2026.

Stella Oduah CategoriesHEDA News

CSOs Demand Full Recovery of ₦4.9bn in Stella Oduah Fraud Case, Warn Against Weak Plea Bargain

A coalition of civil society organisations (CSOs) working on anti-corruption, transparency, and good governance in Nigeria has called on the Federal Government to ensure the full recovery of ₦4.9 billion allegedly misappropriated in the corruption case involving former Aviation Minister, Stella Oduah. The coalition raised the concern following reports from proceedings at the Federal High Court of Nigeria in Abuja indicating that the former minister may be exploring a refund arrangement as part of a possible plea bargain in the ongoing prosecution. Reacting in a joint statement, the groups warned that any settlement that allows the refund of only a portion of the funds allegedly involved would undermine justice and weaken Nigeria’s anti-corruption efforts. According to the coalition, public records from investigations by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) show that the original charges involve the alleged fraudulent diversion of approximately ₦4.9 billion in public funds during Oduah’s tenure as Aviation Minister. The organisations acknowledged that plea bargaining is recognised under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015 but stressed that such legal provisions must not become a mechanism for politically exposed persons to escape full accountability. “Any settlement arising from this case must guarantee the complete recovery of the ₦4.9 billion allegedly misappropriated, not merely the ₦2.5 billion that has been referenced in some public reports,” the coalition stated. The groups also called on the Attorney-General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, Lateef Fagbemi, SAN, to ensure that any ongoing negotiations strictly comply with the principles of transparency, restitution, and justice. “If a plea bargain is to be considered, it must undergo full judicial scrutiny and receive the approval of the court in accordance with the law. The process must remain transparent and accountable to the Nigerian public,” the statement added. The coalition further emphasised that any plea bargain arrangement must include a clear admission of wrongdoing and appropriate legal consequences as provided by law, noting that silent settlements without sanctions would significantly undermine the credibility of Nigeria’s anti-corruption framework. According to the organisations, Nigeria’s justice system must demonstrate that politically exposed persons are not treated differently from ordinary citizens in the administration of justice. “Allowing powerful individuals to refund only a fraction of allegedly stolen public funds without meaningful consequences will erode public confidence in the justice system and weaken the fight against corruption,” the groups warned. They therefore urged the Office of the Attorney-General of the Federation, the EFCC, and the judiciary to ensure that justice is not only done but is clearly seen to be done in the handling of the case. The coalition stressed that public office is a public trust and that individuals entrusted with managing national resources must be held fully accountable when that trust is allegedly violated. The statement was jointly endorsed by the Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre); African Centre for Leadership, Strategy and Development (Centre LSD); African Centre for Media and Information Literacy (AFRICMIL); Amnesty International Nigeria; BudgIT Foundation; Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD); Centre for Democratic Research and Training (CRDDERT); Centre for Information Technology and Development (CITAD). Others include Civil Society Legislative Advocacy Centre (CISLAC) / Transparency International Nigeria; Corporate Accountability and Public Participation Africa (CAPPA); Global Rights; Media Rights Agenda; Organization for Community Civic Engagement (OCCEN); Resource Centre for Human Rights and Civic Education (CHRICED); Rule of Law and Accountability Advocacy Centre (RULAAC); Say No Campaign; Social Action; Tax Justice and Governance Platform; Centre for Fiscal Transparency and Public Integrity; Zero Corruption Coalition; and Alliance on Surviving COVID‑19 and Beyond (ASCAB). The organisations reaffirmed their commitment to monitoring the case closely and ensuring that the Nigerian people receive full justice and accountability in matters involving the management of public resources.

CategoriesAccountability HEDA News

HEDA Petitions CBN, Request Disclosure of Legal Fees Paid to Lawyers in P&ID Case

The Human and Environmental Development Agenda (HEDA Resource Centre) has formally written to the Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Mr. Olayemi Cardoso, demanding full disclosure of legal fees paid to lawyers and law firms that represented Nigeria in the controversial Process and Industrial Developments Limited (P&ID) case. In a letter signed by HEDA’s Chairman, Olanrewaju Suraju, and addressed to the CBN Governor, the anti-corruption organization invoked the Freedom of Information (FoI) Act, 2011, requesting details of the names of lawyers and law firms engaged, as well as the exact amounts paid to them during the litigation process. HEDA, in its petition, emphasized that the request aligns with its mandate to promote public accountability, transparency, and good governance in Nigeria. The organization noted that while the case between Nigeria and P&ID heard at the Commercial Court of the High Court of England (Claim No: CL-2019-000752) was ongoing, the CBN facilitated payments to legal representatives on behalf of the Nigerian government. According to Suraju, “The public has a right to know how much was expended from national resources on legal representation in the P&ID case. Transparency in this regard is crucial for accountability, as it will help Nigerians understand the financial implications of international trade disputes involving the country.” HEDA further stated that the request also forms part of a research initiative the organization is conducting on the cost of trade disputes between states and private enterprises, adding that the P&ID case remains a vital reference point for such a study. The civil society organization urged the CBN to provide the requested information within seven (7) days in line with the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, 2011.